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In summary, here is a prioritized list of mitigation
options for developers to consider.
1. Site Wind Turbines (WT) out of the Radar Line of
Site (RLOS) (see Fig 1 below).
2. If within the RLOS, stop the turbines during Severe
Weather (this typically eliminates WTC in most circumstances, except when WTs
are very close to the radar)
3. Within the RLOS, site WTs as far as possible from
the radar (assuming level terrain) (see Fig 2 below).
4. In hilly areas, use terrain masking by placing WTs
on the far side of the hill below the peak (see Fig 3 below)
5. Try to minimize azimuthal spread relative to radar,
especially when siting very close to the radar (see Fig 4 below).
6. If azimuthal spread is large, provide open radials
from radar by bunching turbines into groups with space between these groups.
When the wind turbines are very close (within 10 miles) to the radar, this
provides clear radials of data when multipath effects (ghosting, beam blockage)
are occurring down radial from the wind farm (see Fig 5 below).
7. When choosing the height of wind turbines, if
shorter wind turbines would not penetrate into the RLOS, we would prefer the
shorter turbines. However if shorter turbines would still be in the RLOS, then
fewer, taller turbines over a smaller area may be preferable (see Fig 6 below).
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